If we replace the potentiometer VR1 with an AC signal plus DC bias signal in any of the previous Figures 3 to 17, the voltage controlled attenuators can become an amplitude modulator circuit instead.

b. The gain is set by VCC as the higher the supply voltage, the higher the gain. c. By the value of R3 as this resistor to ground sets the offset bias seen by the op-amp hence the gain. d. By the ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

We’ve previously remarked upon a generation lucky enough to be well-versed in microcontrollers and computersised electronics through being brought up on the Arduino or the Raspberry Pi but unlucky ...

APDs (avalanche photodiodes) or APDs, are common components in laser-based fiber-optic systems for converting optical data into electrical form. The bias voltage and current measurement requirements ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. A piezoelectric motor is a linear motor with bidirectional motion. It uses friction to grip the armature while a ...

It is a classic problem when designing with op amps: you need the output to go to zero, but — for most op amps — you can’t quite get down to the supply rail. If your power options are a positive ...