All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Co-Founder of Fictiv. Stanford MechE. Ford Alum. Forbes 30 Under 30. One of the most exciting challenges for product designers is ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

If you cultivate an interest in building radios it’s likely that you’ll at some point make a simple receiver. Perhaps a ...

There have been many different ideas presented for increasing the acoustic output of a piezo buzzer or ultrasonic transducer. Most of them involve rather complicated circuitry that drives up the total ...

Lighting a string of LEDs at a constant brightness requires driving it with a regulated current. A boost converter is commonly used to step up the voltage to a level high enough to bias the LEDs on ...

[Hans Rosenberg] knows a thing or two about RF PCB design and has provided a three-part four-part video demonstration of some solid rules of thumb. We will cover the first part here and leave the ...

The process of circuit design can cover systems ranging from national power grids all the way down to the individual transistors within an integrated circuit. For simple circuits the design process ...

An RC circuit in series with the coil allows full-current turn-on for reliable relay operation, then reduces the current to save power. Fellow engineer Sanjay R. Chendvankar of Mumbai, India, recently ...

Chaos Theory has been an important pursuit of physicists and mathematicians since it was brought to the forefront as a distinct phenomenon in the early 1960s. This early exposition got the attention ...