As the gradient decays, the position of this threshold value moves at varying speed along the membrane, depending on the cell shape. Thus, via this hierarchy of protein concentration profiles, the ...

a) A classical morphogen (pink) elicits differential gene expression (represented by the black, red and blue bars) by activating different genes at different concentrations. b) One example of such a ...

Explore how frogs, axolotls, and other amphibians use cutaneous respiration to absorb oxygen directly through their skin.

Wnt proteins function as morphogens that can form long-range concentration gradients to pattern developing tissues. Here, we show that the retromer, a multiprotein complex involved in intracellular ...

Scientists know that physical and biochemical signals can guide cells to make, for example, muscle, blood vessels or bone. But the exact recipes to produce the desired tissues have proved elusive. Now ...